Category Archives: Executions

c.40AD: ‘Death to those who mention goats in my presence’

The Roman emperor Caligula (reigned 37-41AD) is well known for his alleged insanity and perversions, which included acts of incest with his sisters and fornication with numerous married women. According to the Roman historian Suetonius, Caligula was also touchy about his appearance – particularly his bald spot and his excessive body hair:

“Because of his bald head and the hairiness of his body, he announced that it was a capital offence should anyone either look down on him [from above] as he passed, or to mention goats in any context in the emperor’s presence…”

Source: Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum, c.120AD. Content on this page is © Alpha History 2019-23. Content may not be republished without our express permission. For more information please refer to our Terms of Use or contact Alpha History.

1641: One-eyed man hanged for fathering deformed piglet

In 1641, the people of New Haven, Connecticut, heard news that a monstrous piglet with human-like features had been delivered by a sow owned by Mrs Wakeman. Shocked local elders, convinced that the stillborn piglet had been conceived through an act of bestiality, asked locals to view it:

“The monster was come to the full growth as other pigs, but brought forth dead. It had no hair on the whole body, the skin was very tender and of a white colour, like a child’s; the head was most strange, it had one eye, in the bottom of the forehead, which was like a child’s… a thing of flesh grew forth and hung down, it was hollow and like a man’s instrument of generation. A nose, mouth and chin deformed but no much unlike a child’s, the neck and ears also had such a resemblance…”

Several were of the view that George Spencer, a local man with one glass eye, was responsible for the deformed piglet:

“A strange impression was also upon many that saw the monster (guided by the near resemblance of the eye) that one George Spencer… had been an actor in unnatural and abominable filthiness with the sow.”

New Haven leaders ordered the arrest of Spencer, who was often in trouble and was probably simple-minded. At first, he admitted to “forcing himself” on the sow, though this confession was later retracted.

Spencer was put on trial for living a life of “profane, atheistical carriage”. Witnesses testified that Spencer was deceitful, had bad manners, sometimes mocked religious holy days and often failed to pray. He was found guilty of bestiality with the pig, despite a lack of witnesses, and hanged in April 1642.

Source: Records of the Colony and Plantation of New Haven, 1641. Content on this page is © Alpha History 2019-23. Content may not be republished without our express permission. For more information please refer to our Terms of Use or contact Alpha History.

1574: Treviso sodomites to be nailed in the private male members

In 1574, the city leaders of Treviso, a few miles north of Venice, initiated a crackdown on sodomy. These campaigns were not uncommon in Renaissance Italy, though the Treviso statutes were unusual in that they also targeted women:

“If any person has sexual relations with another – that is, a man with another man (if they are 14 years old or more) or a woman with another woman (if they are 12 years old or more) then they have committed the vice of sodomy…”

As might be expected, the punishments were severe. The 1574 edicts ordered that female sodomites (fregatores, or ‘friggers’) be tied naked to a stake in Treviso’s Street of Locusts. After a full day and night they were to be taken down and burned alive beyond the city walls.

For males (buzerones, or ‘buggerers’) the punishment was similar, though with a painful addition:

“[He] must be stripped of all clothing and fastened to a stake in the Street of Locusts, with a nail or rivet driven through his private male member. There he shall remain all day and all night, under guard, and the following day be burned outside the city.”

Source: Statuta prouisionesque dudes civitatis Tarvisii, 1574. Content on this page is © Alpha History 2019-23. Content may not be republished without our express permission. For more information please refer to our Terms of Use or contact Alpha History.